The application of high speed processing technique and development foreground
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81m/s2) . Afore-mentioned athletic index are compared machine tool of ordinary numerical control is at present tall 5 ～ 10 times above. In recent years, domestic and international each industry department, especially the industry of aerospace, auto industry, mould and autocycle industry demand to high speed machining center grows day and day, the industrial developed country such as beautiful, day, heart, Switzerland and Italy already produced a variety of commercial products. High speed processing technique and photograph of common treatment method compare have the following advantage: (1) handling time shortens substantially, only original 1/4 is controlled, mean a high speed machine tool that is used at high speed treatment to be able to replace machine tool of 4 common CNC; (When 2) high speed is machined, of the machine tool stimulate Zhen Pin rate is very high, be far from " machine tool, cutting tool, workpiece " the natural frequency of machining complex, the job is smooth, vibration is little, quality of its treatment surface is very so high, need not have other finishing process again; (The material excision rate of 3) unit time can increase 6 times, reason productivity is extremely tall; (4) cutting power can decrease 80% above, especially extent of radial cutting muscularity is reduced, the spare parts is out of shape small, treatment time base does not produce quantity of heat originally, so special be helpful for Bao Bi fine muscle treatment; (Treatment of 5) high speed uses small diameter cutting tool, small cut deep, small cut wide and walk along a knife to improve efficiency for many times quickly, and conventional treatment uses big diameter commonly cutting tool, big cut deep, big cut wide; (The investment of machine tool of 6) high speed reclaims fast, can shorten date of delivery, reduce a workshop to cover an area of an area, reduce worker amount. generally speaking, high speed machining center is machine tool of full numerical control and high accuracy machine tool, the biggest characteristic of its drive and structure is realized a machine tool " 0 drive " . The main characteristic of way of this kind of transmission is, cancelled to come from drive electric machinery working component (main shaft, workbench) link of all the mechanical transmission intermediate between (the) such as guide screw of leather belt, gear, ball, nut, narrow the length of transmission catenary for 0. 0 drive not only simplified greatly the drive of the machine tool and structure, and still raised precision of sensitivity of machine tool trends, treatment and working dependability significantly, it is a kind of new-style transmission way. Main shaft of report of main shaft of report of high speed is the main part of high speed machining center, although its machinery structure is not complex, but the treatment precision of the requirement is extremely tall, the material of crucial part pledges and heat treatment requirement is stricter, it is the high-tech product of unifinication of a kind of Electromechanical, whole assembly must undertake assemble and be movinged in constant temperature, clean environment school. Its performance data and the discretion of production quality, precision of the treatment rate that decided machining center of whole platform high speed greatly, job and manufacturing efficiency. Electric main shaft is a component, it includes itself of electric main shaft and its accessory: Device of electric main shaft, high frequency frequency conversion, oily mist is lubricant implement, cooling device, inside buy coder and the device that change a knife. Parameter of abroad's at present more popular electric main shaft is as follows: Machine tool type -- rated torque (Nm) -- rotate speed (R/min) -- knife handle gets milling machine -- 0.
02 ～ 10 -- 40000 ～ 150000 -- HSKE25/E32, SK120 or bedspring collet are small-sized machining center -- 4 ～ 70 -- 20000 ～ 60000 -- HSKE32/E40/E50/E63/A63 medium-sized machining center -- 16 ～ 200 -- 12000 ～ 30000 -- HSKE50/E63/A63/A80/A100 dragon door machining center -- 70 ～ 300 -- 8000 ～ 24000 -- the technology of confluence of place of HSKA63/A80/A100 report main shaft includes: Technology of bearing of high speed: Electric main shaft uses bearing of compound pottery and porcelain normally, the characteristic is wear-resisting, heat-resisting, its life is traditional bearing is severalfold, also use bearing of electromagnetism in suspension sometimes or static press bearing, outer lane is not contacted inside, theoretic life grows indefinitely. Technology of electric machinery of high speed: Electric main shaft is the child that electric machinery and main shaft confluence are together, the rotor of electric machinery gives priority to an axis namely rotate part, theoretic can regard electric main shaft electric machinery of a high speed, its key technology is the dynamic balancing below high rate. is lubricant: Of electric main shaft lubricate to use time and mensurable oil gas to lubricate commonly; Also can use fat to lubricate, but corresponding rate should sell at a discount. Alleged and time, it is the time-interval with certain every other pours oil, alleged and mensurable, call the parts of an apparatus of mensurable a powerful person through namely, control accurately every time the oiling quantity of lube. And oil gas is lubricant those who point to is lubricant in compress airy to carry below, by bearing of inbreathe pottery and porcelain. Oily capacity control is very crucial, too little, lubricant action is less than since; Too much, give out heat because of oily obstruction in the meeting when bearing high speed rotates. cooling device: Heat up to come loose to the electric main shaft that high speed runs as soon as possible, be opposite normally of electric main shaft outside the wall is connected with circular refrigerant, the action of cooling device is the temperature that maintains refrigerant. Coder of pulse of the buy inside : Change knife and rigid tap automatically to come true, the buy inside electric main shaft one pulse coder, in order to achieve accurate appearance position control and with feed cooperate. Does change knife device: automatically? alarm inspects to need Xiao of children's hair of reins of of ぶ travel model watersides Ga 4 Fu is fierce far bad bag mires of poisonous haw of ⒌ of umbrella of of ǖ of of of pa boundless and indistinct brights to live fully poison of vulgar of ＊ ジ Dong kowtows mire sunken crab wrings? to use HSK, SKI extensively. : of device of high frequency frequency conversion? enlighten Yan of the children's hair that be worth reins is branny of kind of clam of pole of of Lao of Chuo of aurelian pole razor clam mire enzymatic sip of take along sth to sb of argon of box of Ni is become cape of children's hair of reins of of of beautiful demit of Gan bottom pa bite of heart of Qiong of Su of neon of Jian of Gan Deng of of of black of vulgar of where Shi enzymatic Dong, swiss FISCHER, IBAG and STEPTEC, american PRECISE, the GAMFIOR of Japanese NHK and KOYO and Italy and FOEMAT. Unit of feed of high speed of linear electric machinery because the compositive component of system of ball guide screw is much (the) such as gear of servo electric machinery, drive, guide screw, ball, nut, bracket, transmission chain length, ball guide screw is component of a kind of fine and long blame tigidity drive, should move when speed demand is higher, as a result of inertia of drive of ball guide screw stiffness of big, torque low, transmission error big, attrition wears away serious, flexibility is out of shape cause creeping, retrorse dead band to cause a series of defect such as error of the sex that be not incomplete, affect performance of machining center trends thereby. Current, the oldest rate of general ball guide screw is 20 ～ 30m/min, acceleration (0.
1 ～ 0.
3)g, cannot satisfy the requirement that high speed machines far. 1993, german ExcellO company exhibits first on exposition of machine tool of Han Nuowei international machining center of the first HSC240 of world that contains workbench of drive of linear electric machinery high speed, the inductive formula that this machining center uses German Indramat to develop is straight electric machinery. Rotate speed of highest main shaft is this machine tool 24000r/min, speed of the biggest feed is workbench 60m/min. Meanwhile, american Ingersoll company is on machining center of HVM800 high speed, the magneto that used development of American Anorad company is linear electric machinery, its are highest main shaft rotate speed is 20000r/min, workbench is the biggest feed speed 76.
2m/min. Drive of feed of linear electric machinery is like next advantages: (1) rate is high. Linear electric machinery is direct drive workbench, without component of any the mechanical drive intermediate, without whirligig, do not suffer the effect of centrifugal force, easy implementation high speed moves point-blank, at present speed of the biggest feed can amount to 80 ～ 120m/min. (2) acceleration is big. The starting thrust of linear electric machinery is big, structure simple, weight is light, when motion alternates transfer the course is short, can realize acute acceleration and decelerate, its acceleration can be amounted to (2 ～ 10)g. (Precision of 3) fixed position is tall. System of feed of linear electric machinery, consumed bar rule measures component as the position, use closed-loop control, have accurate control to the displacement precision of workbench through feedback, stiffness is consequently tall, fixed position precision is as high as 0.
1 ～ 0.
01 μ M. (4) journey is unlimited. Of linear electric machinery sub be a paragraph a paragraph of ground is spread continuously go up in machine tool lathe bed, where does sub shop go to, earlier (workbench) can move where, no matter the journey is much far, the stiffness to whole system won't have any effects. If American CincinnatiMilacron company was aviation industry to produce a HyperMach recently machining center of large high speed, 60000r/min of main shaft rotate speed, advocate 80kW of electric machinery power. Used linear electric machinery, journey of its X axis is as long as 46m, workbench is highest feed speed 60m/min, quick stroke 100m/min, acceleration 2g. In the treatment on this machine tool aircraft spare parts needs a large Bao Bifei 30 minutes only; And same part is machined on milling machine of general high speed, cost 3 hours; In the treatment on common CNC Milling, need 8 hours. A kind of when regards machining center feed as the system new drive way -- linear electric machinery, have history of a few years only, designing at present, make and the respect such as application still exists a few problems, drive of the option issue that if antimagnetic problem, linear electric machinery comes loose,the structure of hot issue, workbench turns kind of structure of slideway of problem, high speed gently, linear electric machinery and closed-loop control system, and cost is higher also, this a series of problems remain farther thrash out. Nevertheless, the application of linear electric machinery on high speed machining center, already presented a lot of advantage that gives ball guide screw to be able to not be likened to, and the main drive way that hopeful makes system of feed of machining center of 21 centuries high speed. What speak of before the application of processing technique of high speed and development trend no less than, high speed treatment has productivity small, workpiece heats up force of tall, cutting be out of shape small reach treatment precision and exterior quality are advanced a few big advantages, and come in nearly 10 years, the rapid development as a result of technology of cutting tool of high speed machine tool, high speed and other key, high speed treatment is in received wide application domestic and internationally. The of applied aerospace industry of processing technique of high speed reduces weight to aerospace implement having all in all sense. In aircraft industry, basically adopt two measure to reduce the weight of component: Namely component uses alloy of aluminium alloy, aluminous titanium or fiber to increase as far as possible plastic wait to pledge material is made gently; in the past by a few, hundreds of spare partses pass riveting or solder even the assorted component that rise, amalgamative the complex part that contains many Baobi and fine anything resembling a tendon or vein into, with " whole makes a way " make. Namely in the integral semifinished product from a sincere, excise and clean out the redundant material of 85% above is machined and become for nothing. Because cutting surplus is very large, if use common method treatment, criterion cutting man-hour is long, manufacturing efficiency is low, cannot satisfy the requirement that plane product changes. Use " whole makes a way " have 3 advantages: The component of complex light alloy that with high speed treatment machines this kind to contain many Bao Bi, fine anything resembling a tendon or vein, rate of its material excision is as high as 100 ～ 180cm3/min, for the 3 times above of groovy treatment, compressed cutting man-hour greatly; The spare parts amount on the plane can reduce 40% above, leave out the assembly that constitutes component part so and riveting solderer foreword, saved the time of man-hour of officer of many assembly, air and clamping apparatus of production industry standard, reduced the manufacturing area that take up, reduced the weight of plane part, expanded flexible manufacturing ability, reduced the combinative scale between the component, enhanced the security that the airlines flies. is endlong like treatment 3.
Some 35m, place walls are large the large Bao Bifei that is less than 1mm plane component part, this component is assembled by 500 many spare partses before and become, the manufacturing cycle that this combination component machines previously is 3 months. Use semifinished product of a whole now, through high speed treatment makes this part, its produce cycle to be not worth two weeks, manufacturing efficiency raises 6 times above. aviation and dynamical branch employ nickel radical alloy in great quantities (like Incomel718) and titanium alloy (TiAl6V4) will make plane and engine part. These data strength big, hardness temperature of easy sclerosis, cutting is tall, high in impulse withstand, treatment, cutting tool wears away serious, it is material of a kind of difficult treatment, used very low cutting dosage commonly in the past. If use high speed cutting, criterion cutting rate can rise 100 ～ 1000m/min, be groovy cutting speed 10 times the left and right sides, not only improved manufacturing efficiency substantially, and reduced cutting tool effectively to wear away, the appearance that improved a spare parts machines quality. of industry of car, autocycle comes nearly 10 years, what product line most uses newly-built car, autocycle to be versed in by Duotaijia center and numerical control machine tool are comprised is flexible product line, it can get used to the demand that the product renews ceaselessly, but because be Chan Zhoushun,foreword is machined, the transfer matic of modular machine tool that produces efficiency to do not have much axis, much face, collateral treatment is tall. High speed processing technique uses high speed machining center and high speed of composition of machine tool of numerical control of other high speed namely flexible product line. This kind of product line collect " Gao Rou sex " with " efficient " at an organic whole, can satisfy the requirement that the product changes ceaselessly already, accomplish investment, be benefited for a long time, have again receive the manufacturing efficiency that is bordering on transfer matic of tigidity of modular machine tool. In breaking a car to produce thereby, concern " economic dimensions " traditional idea, came true much breed, medium the efficient production of small lot. is like cooperation of American Ford Motor Corporation and company of Ingersoll machine tool, seek can give attention to two or morethings is flexible the plan of car product line with efficiency. Through old effort, development becomes HVM800 horizontal machining center, use main shaft of high speed report and linear electric machinery at the same time, main shaft is highest rotate speed is 24000r/min, the biggest feed amounts to workbench 76.
2m/min, be less than 1m of 1 second of workbench feasible Cheng namely, the instant completes journey of a job. What comprise with machining center of this kind of high speed is flexible spare parts of engine of car of product line treatment, its productivity and transfer matic of modular machine tool comparative, but the investment that build a line should decrease 40% . Change yield preparative time to be gotten quickly also much, main job is work out software, is not a large number of production labour clamping apparatus, already made a renown magic figures drawn by Taoist priests to invoke or expel spirits and bring good or ill fortune now actually nimble production product line. Our country auto industry also begins to be comprised with high speed machining center in recent years flexible product line replaces transfer matic of tigidity of modular machine tool. Most mould of of mould industry is good by function of tall hardness, wear-resisting alloy stuff (classics heat treatment) make, treatment difficulty is very great. Use electric spark extensively before (EDM) machines figuration, however this is way of a kind of small cutting treatment that leans discharge ablation, manufacturing efficiency is extremely low. Using high speed milling to replace report to machine is to accelerate a mould to develop a when raise a mould to produce quality speed, new method. Machine a mould with high speed milling, can use high rotate speed not only, big feed, and thick, finish machining is finished, improved manufacturing efficiency greatly. Use high speed cutting to machine mould of hard steel of temper by dipping in water, hardness 60HRC above, ra0 of exterior surface roughness.
6 μ M, reached the level that grinding machines, efficiency is taller than electric treatment multiple, saved the many time that repair light not only, the report of replaceable still majority machines working procedure. Mould antrum uses head of small diameter ball to establish milling cutter to undertake high speed hard milling normally, the rotate speed of highest main shaft of requirement machine tool is as high as 20000 ～ 40000r/min, but feed speed demand is not too high, use feed speed 30m/min commonly, produce flutter to prevent to add man-hour, the machine tool must have enough stiffness. Divide this and outside, high speed treatment still can be used at the high speed of fast figuration, optical nice spare parts and instrument appearance to machine. The development trend of processing technique of high speed serves as a when face 21 centuries advanced production technology -- high speed treatment, the certain technology obstacle that continues to overcome current presence, rapidder development will get in the following respects. Does ① enlarge: of material size range of pipe bent? Dong of mother of male of establish of reef of Shan of ┐ of だ of commonplace of owlet of brave bridge administer needs Dong of of aim of gum of ぃ Xi needs ご Bi closelies question so so example of collect border Qiang scrupulously and respectfully ＊ ア plans Dong of gum of Xi of Xing Ao ＝ of horn of of of Wa of Xiao of Xing of horn of enzymatic moisture in the soil needs so, in order to satisfy the need of actual production. The safety of machine tool of high speed of ④ research defends and long-range monitoring technology. The production that ensures high speed is machined is safe. ⑤ improves research and experiment condition, continue to develop the academic research of mechanism of high speed cutting, emulation research and fictitious research deep, the physical essence that does process of cutting of clear high speed further and metabolic rule, build database of high speed cutting, directive user is used correctly already had high speed machine tool, develop the efficiency of high speed machining center adequately. CNC Milling